Issues of Understanding that Need Clarification in Xinjiang “De-radicalization” Work
新疆“去极端化”工作中亟待厘清的认识问
Zhang and Du maintain that customs should be respected but not positioned above the value of national unity, that religion should exist separately from ethnicity, education, and administration, and that insistence on the observation of religious taboos, such as those against eating pork and consuming alcohol, undermines national unity. They conclude that Xinjiang’s specific economic and social conditions are no excuse for violent behaviour, and that the state must combat views that conflicts with its understanding of the situation.
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On the Necessity and Systematic Construction of Life Imprisonment: From the Perspective of Terrorism, Extremism Criminal Prevention
论终身监禁的必要性和体系化构建—以恐怖主义、极端主义犯罪防控为视角
This article discusses the background of anti-death penalty movement in China and how the appropriate sentence for terrorism and “extremism” should be life imprisonment. It discusses the legal reforms that the Chinese government should undertake and how to operationalize the overall anti-terror framework to best bring about effective changes.
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Probe Into the Struggle of De-Extremalization in Xinjiang
新疆“去极端化”斗争探究
Ma Dazheng, Vice President of China’s Borderland and Geography Studies, writes about eradicating extremism, the ideological war against separatism, and developing policies against radicalization. Particularly, he writes about the nature of religious extremism, the failure of the education system to prevent radicalization, and the policies in place to combat the “three forces.”
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Correctly Understand ‘National Self-Determination’ and ‘High Degree of Autonomy’
正确认识“民族自决”与“高度自治”论
This article discusses the issues of “ethnic self-determination” and “high degree of autonomy” in relation to Chinese ethnic minorities. It argues that ethnic self-determination will lead to ethnic divisions and the “divisive” call of autonomy in Xinjiang will lead to the breaking up of the Chinese nation.
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Cooperation in Anti-Terrorism with Neighboring Countries—Using the Shanghai Cooperative Team’s Perspective
我国与周边国家反恐司法合作机制研究——以上海合作组织为视角
Shu Hongshui and Mao Zhengdong from the Northwest University of Politics and Law argue that China should cooperate with neighboring countries on “anti-terror” measures. Particularly, new agreements with countries such as Russia against the “Three Forces should be developed based on the existing Shanghai model.”
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Construction on the Optimization of Grid-based Management System in Xinjiang
新疆网格化治理体系的优化研究
Chen’s article discusses the technological and “management systems” that could optimize government control in Xinjiang to ensure “stability and development.” The article discusses the “need” for such systems to exist, their current deployment in Xinjiang, and further policy improvements.
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The Theory and Practice of Anti-Terrorism Community Policing
反恐社区警务的理论与实践
In an article that was published in the summer of 2016, Chinese policing theorists Ji Yantao and Yin Wei describe the way this turn in policing could be adapted in a Chinese context by emphasizing the need to move to prevention rather than ‘passive reaction’ (被动反应). Ji and Yin argue that this new form of policing should supplement the military-style ‘intervention’ (干预) and ‘harsh punishment and suppression’ (打击和严格的惩罚) that had typified earlier ‘Strike Hard’ (严厉打击) campaigns in Xinjiang. (Summary provided by Darren Byler)
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From the Perspective of Social Stability: Research on the Prevention and Control of Key Population in Xinjiang’s Rural Areas
社会稳定视角下 新疆农村重点人口防治问题研究
The author from Xinjiang’s Yili Normal University argues that “troubled populations” in Xinjiang share similar socioeconomic characteristics such as being male, rural, and religious (Muslim). As such, his policy recommendation for political stability in Xinjiang and to control the ‘targeted population’ is to install more supervisory bureaucrats on the village level and for the state to further regulate everyday religious activities in the region.
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Studies on Anti-Terrorism and the Xinjiang Mode
反恐研究与新疆模式
Wang Ding and Shan Dan, theorists in a local Xinjiang police academy, argue that the model of preventative policing that other policing theorists had proposed needed to be adapted in an explicit Xinjiang Mode’ (新疆模式) that would not only transform religion but also lead to a ‘deep fusion’ (深度融合) of Turkic minorities into Chinese culture.
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Review in History and Current Situation of ‘East Turkistan’ Issue
“东突”问题的历史与现状述论
Xu, from China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies, writes about the historical development of the East Turkistan independence movement. Particularly, the development of the independence movement is framed as a European colonial legacy that later merged with Islamic terrorism. In this frame, the “East Turkistan Issue” is therefore a foreign-inspired movement that China has to combat.
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Regarding and Perfecting the Boundaries of Criminal Punishment on Religious Extremist Activities—A Comparison between the ‘Anti-Terror Law (Draft)’ and ‘The Criminal Law Amendment (No. 9)’
论宗教极端行为刑罚界限的完善——以《反恐法》(草案)与《刑法修正案(九)》的比较为视角
Shu Hongshui and Gou Zhen, both from the Northwest University of Politics and Law, argue for legal reforms to criminalize religious extremism. Particularly, in the context of Xinjiang, they link religious extremism with Islam and the East Turkestan independence movement. Their legal analysis focuses on the criminality of religious extremism and the boundaries of criminal laws so that the possession of “religious extremist material” could be criminalized in these reforms.
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The Current Anti-Terror Criminal Measures in Xinjiang
中国新疆暴恐犯罪的现状与对策
Jia Yu, President of the Northwest University of Politics and Law, argues that Xinjiang’s strategic, geopolitical importance means that China has to act tough on “anti-terrorism” and “religious extremism.” Further, policies that promote “interaction between the mainland the Xinjiang,” “economic development,” and “cultural education” should be in place to counter terrorism and religious extremism.
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Consolidating the Construction of Rural Grassroots Organizations to Maintain Stability in Xinjiang
夯实农村基层组织建设维护新疆稳定
Qiu’s article argues that grassroots-oriented work like the fanghuiju campaign is essential for achieving stability in Xinjiang. To ensure the efficacy of this work, grassroots cadres and organizations must adhere to the Party’s standards, continue cracking down on illegal religious activities, and successfully carry out rectification work.
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A Study on Anti-Terrorism Laws in the Xinjiang Region
我国新疆地区恐怖主义犯罪的刑事法规制研究
This article discusses the legal channels and reforms through which China should combat terrorism in the Xinjiang region. In particular, it discusses new legal tools that should be applied against the backdrop of increasing international pressure on China. It advocates for any measures that are effective while keeping western interference low.
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How to Deal with Home-Grown Terrorism? A Case Study on “East Turkistan” Violent Terrorist Activities
如何应对本土恐怖主义——以“东突”暴恐活动为例
Xie and Yang argue that combating terrorism in Xinjiang has grown difficult thanks to host of factors, including the work of East Turkestan Liberation Organization members outside of China, the meddling of hostile forces in the West, and the global influence of pan-Turkism and pan-Islamism. They propose creating a comprehensive approach that features the creation of anti-terrorism organizations and mechanisms, the implementation of economic reforms, and the dissemination of correct social and religious beliefs, including national identity education and a newly translated version of the Quran.
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Operational Research on Restraining the Infiltration of Religious Extremist Thought
遏制宗教极端思想渗透的策略研究
Yang Weiwei proposes solutions to Xinjiang’s growing “religious extremism,” which she attributes to foreign influence and the region’s preexisting economic disparities. Along with promoting free and bilingual education to reach young people and including more Muslim minorities in the labour force, Yang calls for a unified, regulated, and state-sanctioned version of Islam that involves reducing the number of mosques in each community.
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An Analysis on Israel’s War on Terror and Its Implications for China’s War on Terror in Xinjiang— Using the Decision-Making Mechanism of the “National Security Commission” as the Focus
浅析以色列反恐战略及对中国新疆反恐启示——以“国安委”决策机制为视角
This article published by the National Police University of China discusses the “success story” of Israel’s anti-terror strategies in its planning, execution, information gathering, and propaganda. The authors provide an analysis on the lessons that China can borrow to craft a China-specific anti-terror policy centered around the National Security Commission.
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Thoughts on Current Issues of Ethnic Minority Regions
对当前民族领域问题的几点思考
This article discusses the “hostile Western forces” that are opposed to a unified, powerful China and how these forces will exploit the ethnic and religious divisions within to subvert China. It touches on the “contradictions” within the notion of ethnicity and religion in China as a result of the profound social changes since the 1990s.
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On Flow Population Service and Management Against the Background of Anti-Terrorism in Xinjiang
反恐背景下新疆流动人口服务与管理初探
Shu Hongshui and Gou Zhen, both from the Northwest University of Politics and Law, argues for legal reforms to criminalize religious extremism. Particularly, in the context of Xinjiang, they link religious extremism with Islam and the East Turkestan independence movement. Their legal analysis focuses on the criminality of religious extremism and the boundaries of criminal laws so that the possession of “religious extremist material” could be criminalized in these reforms.
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